Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature
In this animation of a gallium arsenide semiconductor, an externally applied electric field
induces the spins of electrons to flow collectively in a current. The spin current speeds up
with increasing electric field. The spin flow (horizontal, along the x axis) is perpendicular to
both the direction of the electric field (vertical, along the z axis) and the plane of individual,
or quantum, spins (horizontal along the y axis).